I finished putting the rear end back together in my '62 C10. With the third member rebuild, new U-Joints, and switching from 3.90:1 to 3.38:1 gears, it drives like a completely different truck.

That pinion bearing must have been going out for a long time. The vibrations are gone, the whine is gone and the engine doesn't sound like it's screaming at speed any more.