Sorry if I repeat what others have said, but I don't have enough patience this morning to read all the posts individually.
I have built a 283 once, but have built a number of motors besides the 283, mostly small blocks, but also a few big blocks.
The thing about horsepower is that it multiplies by torque and rpm (and is divided by the constant 5252). That means that if you want greater than 1 hp per cubic inch, you need to utilize the other numerator, RPM. To do that, you will end up with a lumpy cam, because you have to shift the operating range up into the higher rpms.
For example, you could probably achieve your goal with an excellent set of heads (they DON'T have to be aluminum), and an excellent modern intake manifold. But you might end up having to use a single plane, since most dual planes are limited to about 6700 rpm max. A single plane is going to really make a small engine like a 283 lethargic at low rpm levels, as will the kind of cam it'll take to do it. But putting all that aside, I'd concentrate on a solid flat tappet or a solid roller cam with an rpm range reaching over 7000 rpm. That's going to probably mean it won't begin making power until 4000 rpm (if it's a solid flat tappet) or 3500-ish (if it's a solid roller).
You don't really have to spend a lot on heads. Chevy makes an excellent iron head, which won't break the bank. Also Pro-Topline from Australia has good iron heads that are cheap. All things being equal, iron heads make more power than aluminum heads. But have less octane tolerance. So if you want to run pump gas, you might be forced to use aluminum heads. This is because the lumpy cam grind you need for your goals is going to need higher compression ratios, perhaps in the 11:1 range.
So spend some investment in getting good heads.
Believe it or not, you don't need a huge carb for your 283. I'd suggest a double pumper Holley. Running 100% efficient (which isn't reality), a 288 cube 283 (0.030" overbored) at 7000 rpm would require a 583 cfm carb. You'd probably do fine with a 500 cfm or maybe a 550 cfm double pumper carb on this engine. Avoid the temptation to get a giant 850 cfm race carb, the 283 doesn't need it.
Finally, to make this combination work, you probably need pretty steep rear end gears. I wouldn't go any less than about a 4.11 in the back. I suppose you could, but if this is going to scream down the quarter mile, the steeper gears will be needed.
Don't think it's not possible guys. Chevy's 302 from the '69 Z28 was good for over 500 REAL horsepower, and could tach over 7000 rpm all day long without needing forged connecting rods. It's because of the short 3" stroke, the piston speed is low. By the way, 283's have forged crankshafts. And a 302 is nothing but a 283 with a 1/8" bigger bore. So he can make his goals, easily.
