jdl,
You may have just answered your ? on the starter, if you hit the main lug with juice it shoulda spun over not made poppin cracklin burnin sounds, I would bet the brushes are fried in the starter or the Armature is corroded up real bad where the brushes ride.
I would disasemble the starter, inspect it for burns where the brushes ride on the armature, if OK clean up the brushes and armature and give that a try.
cheap way to check out the starter before buyin parts and such.
just a tip
Tim