The only item I have not heard mentioned in all of this is the variable resister not making a good connection to the sending arm. The arm is spring loaded on my 53 Chevy truck fuel gauge sending unit. We did all the above testing and found the sending unit to be bad. We took it out of the truck and found out one of the screws that holds the arm to the resister was lose. We pushed it as far foward as possible (to get the best contact) and put it back together. The fuel guage has worked perfectly ever since. rLancia53