I'm sure the solenoid is marked "R". If you see another stud other than the big battery post or the "S" or the permanent attachment from starter to solenoid, it's "R". We can't deal in colors, just what hooks to what. Use whatever color you want or have. I believe you have the alt correct to same spot as batt plus on big solenoid post. Hook it all up as my post says (no voltage regulator hookup at all). Unless someone states otherwise.
As TC indicates a schematic needs to have everything hooked up as you see it. I realize one side of ballast was not terminated. Get a new externally resisted coil and a new ballast resistor.
RE: Your comment of understanding, but "do the wires go thru solenoid first". The ignition switch/button has a hot wire to it and "switches" that hot to the necessary functions, like energize the solenoid and send power to coil, etc. Just hook up wires as stated. The ignition can also power other components. Refer to a schematic for your truck and the harness schematic, while keeping in mind you have a few modern upgrades like alt and electric solenoid. Once you draw it, and display it, we will give you the OK to wire it and start it, if that's what you want. There is no one schematic for ign/start/run now that you have converted to 12V and added upgrades. You/we have to "piece" them together.
As I suggested: Follow all wires, all wires regarding ignition/start. Show how the ignition switch and/or push button is wired, how the starter and solenoid is wired and draw a complete diagram, turn it to read straight and post it. Forget mentioning colors, just circuits/hook ups. (Put them in the drawing if you want.)
We are with you, you are doing very well, stay on this post, do the work and keep checking the post and answering questions regularly.
The ignition/start/run are kind of direct wired as seen in my hookup recommendations. The other functions like heater fan, lighter, E-wiper, etc., generally are feed thru a fuse box. Hot wire from ignition to fuse box (one side of fuses for all the items I just mentioned) then out the other side of fuses to each component's switch, in and out of the switches to fan or lighter or wiper, etc. Again I'm speaking generally in green, just to give you a basic idea of what you are doing. The headlight switch is also a source for power to the lights including dash lights and dome. The new harness will wire these after you get the non-harness ignition/start/run hooked up.
You do have points as you know. no problem.
PLEASE state what kind of ignition switch you have, spring loaded, so called V8 switch? or original type with push button mounted somewhere??? or post pics.