Well, turns out you can't really adjust the shift arms on the transmission forward and back like I'd hoped. Beside the bolt at the top to hold it together, the little splines are only on the bottom of the arm so you can't really change it's orientation. Didn't matter anyway as I was able to determine the arm was all the way back into 3rd gear. Best I can figure, it must be something worn in the transmission, maybe the shift fork.