Cameo- A 283 was a 265 with a bigger bore. There is much that interchanges in the small block line. The only parts I can think of that are specific to the 265 are the pistons, as far as replacement parts. Pistons should be available, but cost quite a bit more than a set would for a 350.
It is quite common in the repair buisness to rebuild or repair a cylinder head and leave the bottom end alone as long as it is in OK condition.
51- I am assuming here that you are contemplating swapping the 235 out of a 51 truck. If that is the case, you're looking at an entirely different game. Trucks earlier than Second series 55 never had a V8 option, and the frames are narrow in the front. With stock suspension, they just don't fit well. It canbe done, I have seen it done, but there is always a compromise. You might want to do a search on the subject to get others' opinions.
Devin