Thanks Kevin for the explanation. This is why it's a good idea, in my opinion, to actually count the teeth as I mentioned. So as not to use this "new rebuilt" starter with the wrong flywheel.
But it has "worked" for years, albeit slow crank, according to Stroehlman. Too much oddity here, sort of, not to be sure/safe.
I do realize the measurement indicate someone did change flywheel on this 1954.
If starter is not geared for a 139 tooth, what is the reason for this starter to be designated a 12V for 6 cylinder? Is it the mounting pattern of the starter to bell housing being different 55.2-59, for 6 and 8 cylinder?