I don't think speedi sleeves would be a good choice for a bearing race. I found
THIS that supports that opinion. I don't know for sure how hard speedi sleeves are, but being thin, they'd probably have a tendency to loosen up over time with rollers running over them. Speedi sleeves are for restoring seal surfaces. The seals can easily accommodate the slight diameter increase.
That being said, I think you'd be OK to run that axle as-is with a good roller bearing. Yes, it would wear out quicker if the pits weren't there, but they look like they got there from moisture and rust while the axle was sitting with the rollers in the spots where the pits aren't. A quick polish and assembly with a new (or closely inspected) bearing would be my thought.
