I think maybe the door part hasn't clocked into the "closed" position all the way or possibly has traveled too far but is closed enough that you can't get it open. I had a similar problem.
New rubber bumpers on the door jamb kept the door from going too far in and the door latch part clocked the requisite amount of movement after that making it possible to open and close the door normally.
Like you suspect, the part hasn't rotated quite enough or maybe rotated too far to properly latch and reset the door handle to keep you from being able to open the door.
I assume your door is shut and there's no way to open it? Try pushing on it to push it farther in or giving it a hard yank to open it.
I'm probably totally wrong but it might work.
