The outer ring can still come off, center bolt or not. There's nothing but glue holding it on, and once the bond gets broken, they can slip off without any warning. The hub stays on the crankshaft snout.
Jerry
That happened to me in high school on a '66 Mustang 6 cyl. I heard a loud bang and clanking, then my alternator gauge went all the way to discharge.
When I opened the hood I had a hard time figuring out what happened immediately because the belt was still in place - just no pulley groove on the crankshaft. It then dawned on me what had occurred. Amazingly the pulley ring didn'tt do any other damage under the hood when it fell off.
I ended up buying an entire '67 Mustang just to get the HB pulley off the engine. My brother took the body and swapped another drive train into it.