Depending on the year of the engine, some cylinder heads are prone to cracking when they're overheated. Sometime in the mid to late 1980's Chevy went to a head with thinwall castings that don't react well to overheating. Older ones were pretty rugged. Did the engine get hot enough to boil over? Just pegging the temp gauge without a massive gusher from the radiator overflow usually doesn't do a lot of damage. I'd suggest pulling the spark plugs and using a borescope to inspect the cylinder walls for scoring, and keeping a close check on oil and coolant levels for a while. Steam from the exhaust on startup and/or a smell of antifreeze from the tailpipe is another sign of a leaky head gasket or a cracked head. If you have access to a cooling system pressure tester, pump up the pressure and leave it overnight, then look for a pressure drop and/or steam from the exhaust on a cold start.
Jerry

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