It seems the lug on starter looks turned 90 deg?
Maybe not 90 degreees, but definitely off kilter.
Where's the other two field coils? There's supposed to be four of 'em! Those two pole shoes you removed are supposed to have coils around them, also! No wonder the thing won't crank!
Jerry
I was wondering about that. No need for shoes if they don't have coils around them.
Maybe the best option is to throw the parts in a box and take it to an old school rebuild shop and have them sort it out for you.