Something caused those teeth to shear off, and the most likely culprit is the oil pump. At a minimum, I'd suggest spinning the pump with a cutoff straight blade screwdriver shank in a 1/2" variable speed drill motor, and/or pulling the oil pan and the pump for a detailed inspection. The broken gear just might be the result of another failure, not the primary cause. The cost of an oil pan gasket and a couple of hours of labor time might be cheap insurance.
Jerry