If you're using a 10 SI alternator, it needs a "voltage monitor" wire from either the ignition switch, or it can be just a jumper wire from the big charge output lead to one of the terminals around the perimeter of the alternator. Looking at the back of the alternator, it's the blade terminal to the right side. The other blade terminal is used as a ground wire for a "no charge" light on the dash if you choose to use one. That one is not necessary, but the jumper to battery voltage must be there.
http://alternatorparts.com/images/repair_manuals/10si-15si-type-116-136/figure0004.pngDid you recharge the battery before you replaced it? If not, it was probably still good.
Jerry