"Would it be possible to keep the stock axle housing [the torque-tube axle housing] and trade out the pumpkin and torque tube for just a diff with a yoke?"

Jonald,

I might not understand the original question.

It looks like he would like to place the guts of a later non-torque-tube differential inside the torque-tube rear-end (minus the torque-tube).
This is outside my understanding/experience, but, how would you seal the forward part of the torque-tube housing?

Maybe there is a front cover for an open drive-shaft that will bolt onto the torque housing?