I use glue traps in my attic and under my roof eves... that is the only way I can catch the roof rats... and they dont suffer long... not more than a few minutes anyway... I check them daily, and have yet to see a live one there.
I did find a bunch of young rats living inside a carpet i had tossed over my chainlink fence... I would smack the carpet with a shovel, and one would drop out dead, the others took off running... it took a week to get them all...
There is a coyote trapper in the neighborhood too... they use a "live catch trap"... then they relocate them elsewhere... I would shoot the coyotes running rampant through the neighborhood, but my neighbors would probably get mad at me!!! so I just throw rocks at them...
Maybe the next time i see a coyote in the coyote trap, i'll stripe his back with that phosphores stuff..... maybe i'll break open a couple of light sticks and put that on them... should get a rise out of the neighbors when they see the "ghost of the coyote" running through their yard with a pet in it's mouth.