Chev offered the 348 all the way up to 1965 along with the 409. 1960 through 1965 they were 60, 70 and 80 series. It was very common to pull out a 348 and bolt a 409 right in and vice versa. The 327 was the most logical retrofit for more power than a 283. In 58 and 59 Chev still offered the 322 as well as the 348. I'm not sure that I actually ever saw a 348 in a truck in 58 or 59. It took a couple of years for Chev to be accepted as a larger truck which had been dominated by International, Ford and GMC

There should be room in the engine compartment, but I would assume that you would have to find or fabricate a front cross member and motor mount to replace a 283 with a 348.