I used prep step with excellent results. The best bond is attained by not removing any of of the dried Prep Step with solvent or abrasion. Prep Step It is not a rust converter it is an etch that does not leave an acid residue. mixed in higher ratios, prep step applied with spray bottle and wire brushed dissolves light to modest rust down to bare metal. As you wire brush, keep surface wet and never let it dry. The longer the solution stays wet on the rusted area the more it softens the rust and the easier it is to remove. Once you think you have it, rinse with high pressure hose or pressure washer and while parts are still wet,spray Prep Step in its diluted form with a pump sprayer while parts hang in the shade so that the diluted solution does not dry too quickly and the final etch can occur. Once parts are dry ,no rust or oxidation will form on the metal for months! Parts left all one rainy winter hanging in a dry storage building showed virtually no signs of rust! If you have body panels sand blasted, take the panels directly to you work place,wear clean gloves, hang in shade and spray with diluted Prep Step immediately. If you are working in high humidity make arrangements with the sand blaster to spray the parts on site if possible. This is just one persons idea of what works for him. Like others have advised, it better to be overly cautious than to get in a hurry and make one big expensive mess. P.S mix Prep Step with warm water and be sure all crystals are totally dissolved before application!