I'm also concerned about only using two mounting holes. The original backing plate used 4 and you now have more brake capacity with half the support. I'd feel better with three, four if possible.
Is there any room to cant the caliper forward or back any to assist with bleeding, you may never get air out of the other piston? Ideally the bleeder is the highest point.
Looks like steel to me and it should be, I wouldn't trust aluminum either.
Larger studs are a good idea, no reason to use bushings on small ones, just replace with the larger 9/16" studs.
Grigg