I had a similar symptom with a 47 Mercury with a flathead V-8 back in the early 1960's. After all the diagnostic tests I've described, including changing to a Carter fuel pump, it still had 14" of vacuum on the fuel line where it entered the tank. The problem turned out to be a 2" long grasshopper in the pickup tube in the bottom of the tank. The car would run about a mile, stall, and refuse to start for 10 minutes or so while enough gas leaked past the restriction to refill the fuel line.
Jerry