Mr. Graham, I agree and think we are on the same page as they say and Roger, I've not seen anything on a 48 volt system, but don't keep up with new car stuff. I kinda remember that the navy consisdered anything over 36 volts as high voltage because of the skin resistance and salt air thing. Don't know if you want to put that into the hands of the unknowing/uncaring, but I don't design autos. What I'm saying is, whatever a system is designed to operate at, with proper maintenance, it will.