The key to selecting a carburetor to use would be the footprint of the available manifold. Manifolds are available as square-bore (Carter WCFB, Carter AFB, Holley 4150, 4160, Rochester 4-GC, etc.) and as spread-bore (Carter TQ, Rochester Q-Jet, Holley 4165? not sure of the Holley number, we don't use them).
Adapters from square-bore to spread-bore and viseversa are available, but should be used only if clean, and then as a paper-weight! (My professional opinion, others will have differing opinions).
As Jerry mentioned, a Q-Jet was available for the Pontiac Sprint 230. However, these carbs were early Q-Jets, and extremely problematic. The later Pontiac Sprint 250 engines also used Q-Jets, and these Q-Jets were excellent carbs. Downside...very rare, and quite expensive (both criteria also apply to the 230 Q-Jets).
To say the engine would be overcarbed is somewhat untrue, as Pontiac, in addition to the 230/250 Sprint also used a 4-barrel on the 195 CID 4 banger; and GM (Buick, Olds, and Pontiac) used a 4-barrel on a 215 CID aluminum V-8.
Power increase, although measurable on an engine dyno, would be extremely modest on a stock engine; and may not be noticable by the "seat of the pants" gauge. IF YOU DO YOUR HOMEWORK ON SELECTION AND TUNING, driveability should improve. Fuel economy could go either way, depending on your driving habits.
Jon.
