I remember, as a kid, an old oil stove in the living room was the only heat that we had for the whole house. I remember that many of my aunts and uncles had the same thing. So, they must have put out quite a lot of heat. I'm in Indiana, and I've tried 2 different styles of 5000 watt electric hanging heaters. I would not recommend them because they take much too long to heat the shop up, and spin the electric meter much too fast. I personally think that a heat source needs a flame to be very effective.