The inner nut you picture is actually made for aluminum wheels. This is the inner nut you need. The studs you picture will work themselves loose. I have operated a fleet of trucks for over 50 years. I have run spoke, Budds and now hub piloted for the last 25 years
https://www.4statetrucks.com/wheels/semi-truck-budd-wheel-inner-nut-for-steel-to-steel_202264.aspIf both of the of the same thread it will work. Make sure the inner nut doesn't bottom out. If it does cut the wheel stud off to size. Screw a nut to where you need to cut it off. A portable band saw works well for this. Saw them off and dress the cut a little and then remove the nut. We do this sort of thing all the time. Actually you should have left handed threads on the driver side of the truck, but you probably won't find them. You will have to use right handed threads all the way around. There is a possibility that the right handed threads on the driver side might work lose with time so you will need to check them routinely. A good way to do that is to put a small dab of paint on the nut and the wheel so you can tell if the nut starts turning.