Here is a company that specializes in bolt/washer "science".


Here is their entry/wisdom regarding helical spring lock washers.

We rely on personal experience and interesting/entertaining postulation/examples and sincere/reliable bs.

Which should we believe/trust?

Let's start with images for:
internal tooth,
external tooth,
internal-tooth/external-tooth,
twisted tooth,
flat tooth, and
"star washers"
(please post/attach and clearly label/identify them)

To the best of my knowledge/experiences/inability, I will simply/lamely/numbly use what Chevrolet/GM used "in the day".