measure the Dodge axle and your original, very likely the Dodge axle is much wider than your original. Could probably be made to work but wouldn't look proper.
The Dodge axle probably has disc brakes? It's not recommended to run disc on the rear without also having them in the front. Depending on the year of your original there may be options for swapping front disc brakes.

A GM axle from a P-30 or similar chassis can have 10 lug on 7.25" bolt circle, if this is what you have then might be a better candidate for a swap. They're not very wide, come with faster gears and even faster optional gears, and do have disc brakes, so again you're looking for front disc brakes.

•1951 GMC 250 in the Project Journals
•1948 Chevrolet 6400 - Detroit Diesel 4-53T - Roadranger 10 speed overdrive - 4 wheel disc brakes
•1952 Chevrolet 3800 pickup
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"First, get a clear notion of what you desire to accomplish, and then in all probability you will succeed in doing it..." -Henry Maudslay-