I have watched a construction company build a million gallon fuel storage tank. Over time, I saw the steel rust to a horrible looking orange. I was aghast at the sight of it. I am confident now that they applied a serious rust converter product on it before applying paint, as it ended up with a perfect finish which has survived a salt spray environment for several years since then.
I will be doing some work at that facility soon, so I will ask about their process.