I'm going to assume you have a passenger car starter, not the one for the truck with the pedal start, but since you haven't identified what kind of vehicle you're working on, nor what engine it has, any advice any of us gives will be a wild-donkey guess. It's obvious that you have the wrong coil, possibly the wrong ballast resistor, and definitely the wrong starter solenoid.
With a fully-charged 12 volt battery, the ignition switch on and the points closed, there should be approximately 12.5 volts at the upstream side of the ballast resistor, approximately 8.5-9 volts at the coil + terminal, and very close to 0 volts at the coil - terminal. With the points open, you will see battery voltage at all those test points.
You are creating a dead short at the "R" terminal of the new solenoid. That screw is mis-labeled, and/or there is a wrong connector cap on the new solenoid. Get the right one, or forget about using a bypass wire.
It's pretty obvious you're trying to use a 6V coil on a 12V ignition system by the excessive voltage drop across the ballast resistor. Get a correct coil and it will solve most of your stalling/hot coil problems.
Jerry
