Check a little closer, maybe with a strong light and a magnifying glass- - - -I'll wager someone has forced the nut to turn and sheared the cotter pin off flush with the spindle. If there's a castle nut on the spindle, there has to be at least one hole for a pin. Later model spindles usually have two holes, slightly off-angled to each other so the nut can be turned a little and pinned without going another full slot on the castle nut.
Jerry